When children are three
years old, specialists speak about crisis of 3 years. A child changes
a lot, he becomes very stubborn, disobedient. The main phrase is “I”, “myself”.
He wants to do everything his own way and himself.
The crisis happens because a child begins to differentiate himself in the world and think about his place. That is why the tendency to independence and disobedience takes place. Now the child sees that he is not part of his parents and they are not part of him. He begins to realize that he is different and can do different things; and he tries to try his own way of doing things.
The crisis can be characterized by many conflicts with parents
and other adults. 3 years old crisis lasts for about one year and then
a child comes to much more quiet behaviour. He becomes more obedient.
Social situation of a child at this period changes. New form of communication with adults is born, it is non situational learning. Joint activity with adult now is not enough for the child; he begins to feel more need in “just talking” and more on not definite situation. The main motive of such activity is learning about the world.
Independent learning activity develops more at this age,
now children start learning about surrounding things and experimenting
themselves.
Speech develops more at this age. Children use more vocabulary; they can learn longer poems by heart and reproduce them. Some children begin to learn letters and reading at this age.
Game begins to be different. Children feel more need in
playing with other children and at this age role game with others begin
to develop. Compared with previous age period children play more actions
during their games, they do fewer repetitions and actions become quicker
and shorter, quicker changing each other. If children play with others,
their actions are done now not only for just doing actions but for fitting
in the plot of the game.
This period is the first stage of building relations with peers. Peers now become not only game companions but friends. Although the communication is still joint activity (mainly game), children tend to prefer playing with one group of children.
Imagination starts to quickly develop at this age period.
Children can now imagine the situation, develop and play it. Planning
develops a lot too and children learn to behave according to the plan.
At this age children start to have big interest in drawing. This helps
a lot in development of their imagination activity.
Thinking comes to a new phase. Now children start to move from definite objects and situations and begin to learn building simple connections between events and things without seeing them.